An Overview on the Histogenesis and Morphogenesis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Evolving Diagnostic Approaches

Salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) remain a diagnostic dilemma due to their heterogenic complex behavior. Their diverse histomorphological appearance is attributed the underlying cellular mechanisms and differentiation into various histopathological subtypes with overlapping fea-tures. Diagnostic tools such as fine needle aspiration biopsy, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography help evaluate structure assess staging of SGN. Advances in molecular pathology have uncovered genetic patterns oncogenes by immunohistochemistry, fluorescent situ hybridization, next–generation sequencing, that may potentially contribute innovating approaches identifying Surgical resection principal treatment for most Other modalities radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (agents like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors), potential hormone be applied, depending on clinical behaviors, histopathologic grading, tumor stage location, extent tissue invasion. This review delves pathways salivary tumorigenesis, highlighting recent protocols facilitate identification management